GPB-221 Basics of Plant Breeding New Syllabus 6th Dean’s

Objectives

To acquaint with different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular techniques for breeding new varieties, which are higher yielding, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses for ensuring food security.

Theory

Historical development, concept, nature and role of plant breeding, major achievements and future prospects; Genetics in relation to plant breeding, modes of reproduction and apomixes, self-incompatibility and male-sterility-genetic consequences, cultivar options, Plant genetic resources, its utilization and conservation Domestication, Acclimatization and Introduction. Centres of origin/ diversity, Components of Genetic variation. Heritability and genetic advance. Pre-breeding and Universal Plant Breeder’s equation. Genetic basis and breeding methods in self-pollinated crops- mass and pure line selection, hybridization techniques and handling of segregating population. Multiline concept, Concepts of population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law, Genetic basis and methods of breeding cross-pollinated crops, modes of selection. Population movement schemes- Ear to Row method, Modified Ear to Row, recurrent selection schemes. Heterosis and inbreeding depression, development of inbred lines and hybrids, composite and synthetic varieties. Breeding methods in asexually propagated crops, clonal selection and hybridization. Wide hybridization and pre-breeding. Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding, mutation breeding- methods and uses. Breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses. Participatory plant breeding. Variety Release and notification. Intellectual Property Rights, Patenting, Plant Breeders and Farmer’s Rights.

Practical

Plant Breeder’s kit, Study of germplasm of various crops, Study of floral structures of self- pollinated and cross-pollinated crops, Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self-pollinated and cross-pollinated crops, Consequences of inbreeding on genetic structure of resulting populations, Study of male sterility system, Handling of segregating populations, Methods of calculating mean, range, variance, standard deviation, heritability, Designs used in plant breeding experiments, analysis of Randomized Block Design, To work out the mode of pollination in a given crop and extent of natural out-crossing, Prediction of performance of double cross hybrids, Maintenance of breeding records and data collection, Screening tests for biotic and abiotic stresses.

Lecture Schedule: Theory

1. Plant breeding: concept, nature, objectives and role of plant breeding 1
2. Historical development of plant breeding 1
3. Major achievements and future prospects 1
4. Genetics in relation to plant breeding 1
5. Modes of reproduction and pollination, apomixes 1
6. Self – incompatibility 1
7. Male sterility- genetic consequences 1
8. Domestication, Acclimatization, introduction, Centre of origin/diversity 1
9. Component of Genetic variation; Heritability and genetic advance 1
10. Genetic basis of self- pollinated crops and pure line theory 1
11. Breeding methods in self- pollinated crops- mass and pure line selection 1
12. Hybridization techniques 1
13. Handling of segregating population (pedigree, bulk and back cross method) 1
14. Multiline concept 1
15. Concepts of population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law 1
16. Genetic basis and methods of breeding cross pollinated crops 1
17. Population improvement and modes of selection 1
18. Heterosis and inbreeding depression 1
19. Development of inbred lines and hybrids 1
20. Composite and synthetic varieties 1
21. Breeding methods in asexually propagated crops 1
22. Clonal selection and hybridization 1
23. Wide hybridization and pre-breeding 1
24. Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding 1
25. Mutation breeding- methods and uses 1
26. Breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses 1
27. Breeding for important abiotic stresses 1
28. Biotechnological tools-DNA markers 1
29. Marker assisted selection 1
30. Participatory plant breeding 1
31. Intellectual Property Rights and Patenting 1
32. Plant Breeders and & Farmer’s Rights 1

Lecture Schedule: Practical

1. Plant Breeder’s kit 1
2. Study of germplasm of various crops 1
3. Study of floral structure of self-pollinated crops 1
4. Study of floral structure of cross-pollinated crops 1
5. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self-pollinated crops I 1
6. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self-pollinated crops II 1
7. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self-pollinated & cross-pollinated crops 1
8. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self-pollinated & cross-pollinated crops 1
9. Consequences of inbreeding on genetic structure of resulting populations 1
10. Study of male sterility system 1
11. Handling of segregating populations 1
12. Methods of calculating mean, range, variance, standard deviation, heritability 1
13. Designs used in plant breeding experiment 1
14. Analysis of Randomized Block Design and components of genetic variance 1
15. To work out the mode of pollination in a given crop and extent of natural out crossing 1

Suggested Readings

1. Principles of Plant Breeding (1st & 2nd Edition) by RW Allard.
2. Plant Breeding: Principles & Practices by JR Sharma.
3. Plant Breeding- B.D. Singh.
4. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding – Biotechnical and Conventional
   Approaches by GS Chahal and SS Gosal.
5. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding by George Acquaah.