SYLLABUS FOR JET Joint Entrance Test EXAM

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—– JET —–

— JOINT ENTRANCE TEST —

SYLLABUS FOR JET EXAM
——————————————————–

———- AGRICULTURE ———-

—- UNIT-1 —-

General proficiency and general knowledge in Agriculture :-

  • General knowledge of the physiographic conditions of Rajasthan. Contribution of major arable crops and livestock to state exchequer, major endowments of Rajasthan and relief measures provided in the successive plans; Major handicaps to agricultural and horticultural production.
  • Elements of climate and weather and their effect on crop growth. Agroclimatic zones of Rajasthan. Soil fertility and productivity. Saline and alkaline soils, acidic soils and their management.Soil types of Rajasthan. Soil erosion, methods of soil and water conservation.
  • Essential plant nutrients, their functions, availability and sources. Importance and types of organic 
  • manures and fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, straight, mixed and 
  • compound fertilizers. Methods of fertilizer application.
  • Importance of irrigation in crop production, sources of irrigation, water requirement of crops and factors affecting it, scheduling of irrigation. Drainage and its importance, types of drainage. Characteristics of weeds, classification of weeds, weed- crop interference, prevention, control and eradication of weeds, methods of weed control. Use of herbicides for weed control in crops.
  • Study of the following crops with reference to climate and soil requirements, land preparation, varieties, seed treatment, seed rate, time of sowing, fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural operations, plant protection, harvesting and threshing, yield, storage and crop rotations keeping in view the Agro-climatic conditions of Rajasthan.
  • Cereals – Paddy, maize, sorghum, pearl millet,wheat and barley
  • Pulses – Green gram, cowpea, red gram, black gram, kidney bean, gram and pea.
  • Oil seeds – Groundnut, sesame, soybean, mustard,linseed, safflower, sunflower and taramira.
  • Cash crop – Sugarcane, potato and tobacco.
  • Fiber crops – Cotton and Sunhemp.
  • Fodder crops – Berseem, lucerne, oat, clusterbean and pearl millet.
  • Spices – Fenugreek, cumin and coriander.
  • Characteristics of quality seed, seed germination and factors affecting it. Seed production-nucleus,foundation and certified seeds. Dry farming- importance, characteristics and principles. Crop production technology in dry farming areas. Mixed cropping, its types and benefits. Crop rotation, its principles and advantages. Tillage: objectives, primary and secondary tillage. Sowing methods. Seed treatment, seed dormancy and ways to remove it.

—- UNIT-2 —-
  • Importance of fruits and vegetables production, present status and future scope. Nursery management, propagation and transplanting of saplings. Selection of site and planning for fruit orchard. Different layout systems of orchard. Effect of adverse weather conditions like frost, hot, winds, hail, storm, drought, dust storms, heavy rainfall and their protective measures. Problems of unfruitfulness and its remedial measures. Use of plant growth regulators.
  • Study of following important horticultural crops with reference to climate and soil, improved varieties, propagation methods, manures & fertilizers, irrigation, harvesting, yield and important insect-pest and diseases control: Mango, citrus (orange, lime), guava, pomegranate, papaya, ber, date palm, aonla, tomato, onion, cauliflower, okra, cucurbits (melons, bottle gourd) and Rose.
  • Importance, present position and scope of fruits and vegetable preservation, principles and methods of fruit preservation. Techniques of canning, drying and dehydration. Preparation of Jam, Jelly, Ketchup, Squash, pickles and sauce.
  • Cultivation of medicinal plants namely: Safed musli, Aswagandha, Aloevera, Jatropha, Senna & Isabgol.
—- UNIT-3 —-
  • Importance of livestock in agriculture, importance of management in dairy animals for milk production, habitat, characteristics and utility of following breeds:
  • Cow – Gir,Tharparkar, Nagori, Rathi, Jersey and Holstein Friesian
  • Buffalo – Murrah,Surti and Nili-Ravi
  • Goat – Jamunapari, Barbari, Sirohi, Marwari
  • Sheep – Marwari, Chokla, Malpura, Merino, Karakul, Sonadi
  • Poultry – Rhode Island Red, White Leghorn and hybrids
  • Poultry farming and camel management
  • Judging of cattle and determination of age.
  • Types, uses, doses and method of administration of following common medicines:
  • Antiseptics – Phenyl,carbolic acid, Potassium Permagnate, Lysol.
  • Purgative – Magnesium sulphate, castor oil
  • Simulators – Alcohol,camphor
  • Anthelminitics – Copper sulphate, phenovis
  • Astringengts – Tincture of iodine, alum
  • Bodymassage oil – Terpentine oil.
  • Causes, symptoms, treatment and control of following diseases:
  • Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth, Black quarter, Anthrax, Haemorraagic septicemia, Tick fiver.
  • Milk production, composition of milk and colostrum, clean milk production, milk preservation, milk analysis, quality control of milk. Determination of fat, apparent density, acidity and separation of cream and equipments required for separation, curd and ghee. Cleaning and sterilization of dairy utensils and equipments.
———- BIOLOGY ———-
SECTION- I BOTANY
—- UNIT-A —-
UNITY OF LIFE :
  • Structural organization of the cell. Electron Microscopic structure of cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cells. Cell organelles and their functions-nucleus (including DNA and RNA structure), mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, microbodies, microfilaments, ribosomes, centriole, cell wall, cilia and flagella, vacuoles, cell inclusions-starch grains, mineral crystals. Cell division : amitosis, mitosis and meiosis. Comparison of mitosis and meiosis. Significance of meiosis, cell cycle.
CONTINUITY OF LIFE :

  • Mendel’s experiments with pea and the reasons for his success. Mendel’s laws of inheritance, Mono and dihybrid crosses. Chromosome structure and morphology, chromosomes and genes, chromosome hypothesis. Linkages and crossing over. Mutations. Sex determination, genetic code, transcription and translation.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY :

  1. Plant water relation, semipermeable membranes, osmosis, diffusion, diffusion pressure deficit (DPD), water potential, plasmolysis. Transpiration-types, factors affecting rate of transpiration. Guttation. Absorption of water, root as organ for absorption. Active and passive absorption of water and minerals.
  2. Ascent of sap, path of ascent of sap, theories explaining ascent of sap.
  3. Mineral nutrition-role of minerals in plant growth, macro and micro elements for plant growth, trace elements.
  4. Enzymes- introduction, enzymes as bio-catalysts, nature, classification and mode of enzyme action.
  5. Respiration-definition, comparison of respiration and fire. Types of respiration-aerobic, anaerobic and fermentation processes. Respiratory substrate, respiratory quotient, respiration sites. Mechanism of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis, Kreb cycle and alcoholic fermentation, Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation. Energy yield (Kilo calories). Factors affecting respiration.
  6. Photosynthesis-definition, role of water, chlorophyll and carbon-di-oxide. Light and dark reactions, photophosphorylation, Hill reaction, Red drop, two pigment system, Calvin cycle, Photorespiration, chemosynthesis (brief account). Factors affecting photosynthesis.
  7. Growth-definition, phases of growth, plant hormones (Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinin and ethylene) and growth regulation, action on various physiological processes. Factors affecting growth.
  8. Vernalization and Photoperiodism.
  9. Plant movements : a brief account of various types of plant movements with suitable examples.
—- UNIT-B —-

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY :

  • Definition of ecology and environment. Environmental factors climatic, edaphic and biotic. Plant communities and their characteristics (Density, frequency and abundance), Plant adaptations in relation to water-xerophytes, mesophytes, hydrophytes etc. Interaction between environment and organism, Ecosystem concept, trophic levels producers, consumers, decomposers. Food chain and food web. Ecological pyramids, Environmental Pollution-air and water sources and major pollutants, their effects and methods of control of pollution including nuclear fallout and waste disposal. Noise pollution- sources and effects. Natural resources and their conservation, waste land their improvement and forest conservation. Causes for the extinction of wild life. Conservation of wild life and concept of endangered species (Red data book). Indian examples.
—- UNIT-C —-
  • BOTANY AND HUMAN WELFARE :
  • Domestication of plants-historical account, improvement of crop plants-Plant breeding and plant introduction. Use of bio-fertilizers, economic and ecological aspects. Use of pesticides : advantages and hazards, Economic botany (Botanical name, family, plant parts used and uses) of the following:
  • Cereals – Wheat and price
  • Millets – Bajra,jowar
  • Pulses – Gram,urd and mung
  • Fibres – Cotton and sunnhemp
  • Oil seeds – Groundnut, rapeseed & mustard and castor
  • Sugar – Sugarcane
  • Fruits – Mango and banana
  • Medicinal plants – Guggal, serpgandha, belladonna, opium and isabgol.
SECTION- II ZOOLOGY
(A) INVERTEBRATES :
1. Description of animals and their economical importance with special reference to Agriculture;
(i) Protozoa – Amoeba
(ii) Helminthes – Soil Nematod
(iii) Annelida – Earthworm
(iv) Platy helminthes – Liver fluke
(v) Mollusca – Snail & Slug
(vi) Arthropoda (various classes(a) Arachnida –Mites , (b) Crustacea – Prawns, Lobsters (c) Diplopoda – Millipede , (d) Chilopoda-Centipedes , (e) Insecta –Cockroach
2. Important insects of crops and storage (General introduction, importance, host plants, losses, life cycle and their control).
(i) Red hairy caterpillar
(ii) White grub
(iii) Termites
(iv) Locust
(v) Pod borers
(vi) Khapra beetle

3. Methods of insect control (Insect control: General introduction)


(i) Physical and mechanical control
(ii) Cultural control
(iii) Chemical control (pesticides, insecticide formulation, classification of insecticides, miticides, nematicides, rodenticides) and safe use of chemicals
(iv) Bio-control (Natural enemies of insects: Predators and parasitoids, pheromone traps, Trichoderma, NPV, botanical Insecticides.
(v) Integrated pest management
(vi) Sprayers and Dusters

(B) VERTEBRATES :

(i) Nutrition in animals – Nutritive elements of food, energy yielding chemicals, minerals and vitamins,
balance diet.
(ii) Respiration in animals – Gaseous exchange.
(iii) Circulation in animals – Blood – Composition, Blood groups, Rh-factor, Blood coagulation.
(iv) Reproductive system – male and female reproductive system.
(v) Reproduction & development
 (a) Asexual & sexual reproduction in animals
 (b) Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis, structure of sperm, oogenesis and
 type of Ovum, female reproductive cycle
 (c) Fertilization: External and internal fertilization.
 (d) Mechanism of fertilization.
———- CHEMISTRY ———-

—- UNIT-A —-
STRUCTURE OF ATOM :
  • Development of Classical model of an atom:
  1. Bohr’s model of atom: Calculation of radius of Bohr’s orbit and energy of an electron, 
  2. Dual nature of matter and radiation: Quantization of electronic energy levels. Spectral evidence for quantization, 
  3. Sommerfield’s extension (no mathematical treatment),
  4. De-Broglie’s Relationship, 
  5. Uncertainty Principle,
  6. Orbitals and quantum numbers : Shapes of orbitals, spatial distribution of atomic orbitals,
  7. Distribution of extra nuclear electrons, Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, n+l Rule, variation in relative energies of orbitals with increase in atomic number, electronic configuration of elements (s, p, d, f, block elements). Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

PERIODIC TABLE AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES :


(i) Electronic configuration and periodic Table: The long form of periodic table and s, p, d, f, block elements. Advantages over Mendeleev’s periodic table,
(ii) Electronic configuration and Periodicity in properties, periodic perspectives,
(iii) Detailed study of periodicity in physical and chemical properties with special reference to: Density, Melting and boiling points of elements. Atomic and ionic radii, Ionization potential, Electron affinity. Electro negativity, variation of effective nuclear charge in a period, metallic character, diagonal relationship.
CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE :

(i) Lewis structure – Octet rule and its limitations,
(ii) ionic bond: Characteristics of ionic compounds, Solubility of ionic compounds,
(iii) Covalent bond, introductory concept of over-lapping of orbitals and bonds, valence bond theory: Characteristics of covalent compounds. Coordinate bond, partial covalent character in ionic bond, partial ionic character in covalent bond. Fajan’s rule, Polarities of covalentmolecules,
(iv) Bond length, bond angle and bond-energy general consideration,
(v) Hybridization of orbitals illustrated with example of compounds of first and second row elements in periodic table: Shapes of common molecules – VSEPR Theory,
(vi) Hydrogen bond ,
(vii) Vander Waals forces of attraction.

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