SYLLABUS FOR JET Joint Entrance Test EXAM

Syllabus
Objective of such type of Entrance Test is to select the best candidates; therefore, no
syllabus can be prescribed, however, broad outlines are given as follows:

AGRICULTURE
Unit-A: (15 Questions)
Food production and its importance in the economy and nutritional security. History of Indian
agriculture, branches, importance and scope. Weather and Climate – Definition, elements,
effects on crops, general introduction to weather related equipment – Rain gauge, maximum
minimum thermometer, dry and wet hygrometer, wind vane, and anemometer. Irrigation–
Requirement, time and quantity, methods of irrigation. Concept of precision and pressure
irrigation- drip and sprinkler irrigation. Weed – Definition, peculiarities, classification,
harmful effect, extension, methods of multiplication, weed control (mechanical, chemical &
biological), Arid Agriculture – Definition, importance & principle, Crop rotation –
Definition, importance and principle.
Soil- Definition, composition, structure, texture, soil water, air, soil temperature, soil porosity
and factors affecting it. Saline, acidic and alkali soil and their management, soils of
Rajasthan. Soil samplings and its methods. Introduction to soil pH and organic carbon.
Nutrient fertilizer- Essential plant nutrients, importance and deficiency symptoms,
importance of fertilizer, type (NPK) and methods of application. Irrigation – Importance of
irrigation, sources of irrigation, water requirement of crops. Water drainage – Definition,
need, importance, water logging, need of water conservation and methods (well, water
recharge, water harvesting), Introduction to agriculture machinery- Definition and type of
tillage, deshi plough, harrow, cultivator, combine harvester, seed cum fertilizer drill, planter,
MB plough. Seed – Definition, type & quality of seed, seed production, seed dormancy.
Role of Genetics and Plant breeding in self and cross-pollinated crops improvement, methods
of breeding in field crops-introduction, Selection, Hybridization, Mutation.
Agricultural Economics, Cooperative system in Agriculture, Crop insurance. Kisan Credit
Cards. Marketing of Agricultural products (supply chain, retailing, wholesale), haats.
Agronomy- Definition, importance and scope, soil fertility and productivity– Factor affect
soil erosion & conservation. Crop production – Study of following crops under Rajasthan
climate condition in following points: botanical name, family, importance, climate, soil,
preparation of field, improved varieties, seed rate, seed treatment, time of sowing, sowing
method, manure & fertilizers, irrigation, intercropping plant protection & harvesting,
threshing, yield and post-harvest management: Cereal – Rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet,
wheat & barley. Pulses – Black gram, green gram, mothbean, gram, pegionpea, and cowpea.
Oilseed – Mustard & rapeseed, groundnut, soybean, linseed and sunflower. Fodder – Lucerne
and berseem, Cash crops- Sugarcane, potato, and cluster bean, Fiber crops- Cotton and
sunhemp.
Organic farming: Definition, importance, concept, history, present status and future scope of
organic farming, contribution in national economy, important food products grown
organically. Organic manure and their utility, farm yard manure. Bio-fertilizer – Type &
methods of application. Biological control of insect & diseases. Preparation of bio-pesticides
(plant based). General introduction to sustainable agriculture.

Unit-B: (15 Questions)
Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable crops, present position and future scope.
Orchard management- Selection of site, planning, layout, pit filling, plantation, adverse
weather condition- Frost, hot wind, hailstorm, drought, dust storm, heavy rainfall and their
remedies. Unfruitfulness and their remedies. Alternate bearing in orchard and their solution.
Application of plant growth regulators in orchards. Study of following important fruit
crops with special reference to – Botanical name, family, importance, climate, soil,
improved varieties, plant propagation, planting, manure & fertilizer, irrigation, weeding &
hoeing, yield and plant protection of- Mango, citrus (orange mandarin and lime), banana,
guava, pomegranate, papaya, grapes, aonla, ber, date palm, & bael. Vegetable – Classification
of vegetable, on the basis of season and vegetable parts used, type of vegetable cultivation-
Commercial & kitchen gardening. Nursery – Definition, importance, soil preparation and
layout, sowing, transplanting, plant propagation- sexual and asexual.
Vegetable cultivation – Botanical name, family, importance, climate, soil & field
preparation, sowing, seed rate and treatment, improved varieties, manures & fertilizer,
irrigation, weeding and hoeing, plant protection, yield – Tomato, brinjal, chilli, cauliflower,
cabbage, pea, okra, carrot, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, round gourd, bitter guard, bottle
guard, ridge guard, pumpkin. Ornamental gardening – Type of garden (formal and
informal), private, public and school garden, Study of ornamental plant – trees, bush,
climbers, and seasonal flower. Flower cultivation – Botanical name, importance, climate,
soil, field preparation, plant propagation, improved varieties, planting, manure & fertilizer,
care, picking & yield of rose, marigold, chrysanthemum and gladiolus. Spices – Cumin,
coriander, fenugreek & fennel. Introduction and utility of medicinal plant – Safed musali,
Guggal, sanay, isabgol, Ashwagandha. Mushroom- Its nutritional status and methods of
production. Beekeeping and its importance, uses and importance of honey, wax and royal
jelly. Post-harvest- Importance, scope and future of post-harvest management of fruits,
vegetables and flowers. Status of food processing in our country. Packaging, quality
standards and their marketing including export. Preservation of fruits and vegetable-
Present position of fruit and vegetable preservation, principle & methods of fruit
preservation. Canning of fruit & vegetable, jam, jelly, marmalade, preserve, sauce, ketchup,
pickle and squash. Flowers and their harvesting – Important processed flower products,
packaging, storage and their marketing.

Unit-C: (10 Questions)
Importance of Livestock in Indian economy. Determination of age by teeth, horn, hoof and
body condition of animals and weight – by using Shafer formula, Animal Breeding –
Identification of heat, introduction to reproductive organs, natural & artificial insemination.
General test of pregnancy. Care and management of pregnant & calwing animals. Animal
nutrition – General principle of animal feeding. Determination of feed for – Pregnant &
milking cow and bullock. Feed preservation – Hay and silage- Definition, importance,
method for preparation. Animal health – Identification of healthy & suffering animals.
Identification of general disease & treatment- Wounds, eczema, sprain, itching,
inflammatory, indigestion, bloat, diarrhoea, dysentery & food poisoning. Parasite- Lice &
kilni. General medicine for animals and their utility – Phenyl, potassium permanganate,
magnesium sulphate, alcohol, copper sulphate, tincher iodine, carboxylic acid, laizol, castor
oil, kapoor, phenovis, alum, terpentine oil. Milking methods – By hand and machine,
Poultry: Importance and scope, breeds of poultry & their classification. Study of poultry
breeds- White leghorn, rod island red, red carnish, ply mouth rock breeds. Structure of egg.
Poultry feed and housing management. Important disease of poultry (cause, symptoms and
treatment). Characteristics and utility of following animal breeds Cow – Gir, Tharparkar,
Haryana, Nagori, Malvi, Mewati, Rathi, Jersy and Holestein Friesian. Buffalo – Murrah,
Bhadawari, Surti, Neeli, Jafrabadi and Mehsana. Sheep – Marwari, Chokla, Malpuri, Marino,
Karakul, Avivastra, Adikalin and Jaisalmeri. Camel – Bikaneri & Jaisalmeri, management of camel. Animal diseases – Rinderpest, foot & mouth disease, black quarter, anthrax,
Hemorrhagic septicaemia, mastitis, tick fever, milk fever, enterotoxaemia, salmonellosis, bird
flue, fowl fox, and Ranikhet trypanosome & itching. Dairy science – Milk and milk products-
Curd and ghee. Development and dairy industry in India – White revolution and operation
flood.
Bio-Waste Management and Government: Utilization of animals in Bio-wastes and Biogas
plant, Important government schemes for development of livestock dairy and poultry in India.
Their important features and eligibility criteria.

BIOLOGY
Definition, branches, study area and importance in agriculture.
Section-I Botany (25 Questions)
Unit – A
Taxonomy and classification of plants: Genus, species, binomial nomenclature, brief
history of classification. Salient features and classification of plants into major groups- Algae,
Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae, Angiosperms- Classification
upto class, characteristic features and examples.
Morphology and anatomy of angiosperm plant – Morphology and modifications, internal
morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit
and seed. External morphology of angiosperm Plant- Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence,
flower, fruit, seed and modification. Anatomy of flowering plants – Anatomy and functions
of different tissues. Plant tissue – Definition, character & classification, meristematic tissue
Type and character. Tissue system – Epidermal, ground and vascular tissue system, internal
structure of root, stem and leaf, secondary growth of root & stem. Permanent and special
tissue.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants- Flower structure, development of male and
female gametophytes, pollination – Types, agencies and examples, outbreeding devices,
pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilization, post fertilization events- Development of
endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit, special modes
Apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony, significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
The Cell: The unit of life – Definition, cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life. Electron
Microscopic structure of cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cells. Cell
organelles and their functions-Nucleus (including DNA and RNA structure), mitochondria,
chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, microbodies, microfilaments,
ribosomes, centriole, cell wall, cilia and flagella, vacuoles, cell inclusions-starch grains,
mineral crystals. Cell division – Amitosis, mitosis and meiosis. Comparison of mitosis and
meiosis. Significance of meiosis, cell cycle.
Genetics – Mendel’s experiments with pea and the reasons for his success. Mendel’s laws of
inheritance, mono and dihybrid crosses. Chromosome structure and morphology,
chromosomes and genes, chromosome hypothesis. Linkages and crossing over. Mutations.
Sex determination, genetic code, transcription and translation. Chromosomal disorder.
Plant Physiology: (i) Transport in Plants – Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to
cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, plant water relation, semi
permeable membranes, osmosis, diffusion, diffusion pressure deficit (DPD), water potential,
plasmolysis. Transpiration-Types, factors affecting rate of transpiration. Guttation.
Absorption of water, active and passive absorption of water and minerals. (ii) Ascent of sap –
Path of ascent of sap, theories explaining ascent of sap. (iii) Mineral nutrition-Role of
minerals in plant growth, macro and micro nutrient, trace elements and their importance. (iv)
Enzymes – Introduction, enzymes as bio-catalysts, nature, classification and mode of enzyme
action. (v) Respiration – Definition, comparison of respiration and fire. Types of respiration-
Aerobic, anaerobic and fermentation processes. Respiratory substrate, respiratory quotient,
respiration sites. Mechanism of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis, Kreb cycle and alcoholic fermentation, Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Energy yield
(kilo calories). Factors affecting respiration. (vi) Photosynthesis – Definition, role of water,
chlorophyll and carbon-di-oxide, light and dark reactions, photophosphorylation, Hill
reaction, red drop, two pigment system, Calvin cycle, photorespiration, chemosynthesis (brief
account). Factors affecting photosynthesis. (vii) Growth – Definition, phases of growth, plant
hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin and ethylene) and growth regulation, action on
various physiological processes. Factors affecting growth.

Unit – B
Ecology and Environment – Definition of ecology and environment. Environmental factors
climatic, edaphic and biotic. Plant communities and their characteristics (density, frequency
and abundance). Interaction between environment and organism, ecosystem concept, trophic
levels producers, consumers, decomposers, food chain and food web. Ecological pyramids.
Environmental Issues: Type of pollution, air pollution and its control, sound pollution, soil
pollution, water pollution and its control, agrochemicals and their effects, solid waste
management, radioactive waste management, greenhouse effect and climate change impact
and mitigation, ozone layer depletion, deforestation-any one case study as success story
addressing environmental issue(s). Global climatic change, global warming, stratospheric
zone depletion, acid rain, alnino effect. Classification of natural resources, conservation &
management of rain water, soil, soil moisture, energy minerals and sea resources. Forest
resources- Importance, forest resources in India, deforestation, forest conservation and
management (Chipko movement & social forestry) Biodiversity – Concept, patterns,
importance, loss of biodiversity, biodiversity conservation in Rajasthan.
Unit – C
Economic Botany and Human Welfare – Domestication of plants-historical account,
improvement of crop plants-plant breeding and plant introduction. Economic botany
(botanical name, family, plant parts used and uses) of the following: Cereals – Wheat, rice,
maize and barley, Millets – Bajra and sorghum, Pulses – Gram, blackgram, pigeon pea,
cowpea, mothbean and mungbean, Fibres – Cotton and sunnhemp, Oil seeds – Groundnut,
rapeseed, linseed, sunflower, mustard and castor, Cash crop – sugarcane, potato and
clusterbean, Fruits – Mango and banana, Medicinal plants – Guggal, sarpagandha,
belladonna, opium and isabgol. Spices – Cumin, coriander, fennel and fenugreek. Use of bio
fertilizers, economic and ecological aspects. Use of pesticides: advantages and hazards,
Unit-D
Biotechnology and Its Applications
Biotechnology: General introduction- Definition, history, scope of biotechnology &
importance for different fields. Principles and processes – Genetic engineering (recombinant
DNA technology) – definition, discovery, general method & equipment, enzyme & cloning
vector, plasmid, bactriophase, cosmid, gene library, gene bank. Biotechnology and its
Application-Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture, human insulin and
vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms – Bt
crops, transgenic animals, biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents. Plant tissue culture –
Definition, history, Essential equipment – Type of culture, step of tissue culture,
achievement in plant tissue culture. Different method for gene transfer in plant. Transgenic
plant, genetically modified crops and food.
Unit-E
Major disease of crop and their control: Classification of diseases- i) on the basis of
pathogen, ii) on the basis of season, iii) on the basis of crops and iv) on the basis of nutrient
deficiency. Diseases of Kharif crops – Downy mildew and green ear of pearl millet, cotton
wilt, tikka disease of groundnut, peanut clump virus, bacterial blight of cotton, yellow vein mosaic of okra, early blight and leaf curl of tomato. Diseases of Rabi crops – Wheat rust
disease, white rust of mustard, loose smut and covered smut, little leaf of brinjal, blight and
powdery mildew of cumin. Diseases of Fruit crops in Rajasthan – Citrus canker, powdery
mildew of ber, guava wilt. Disease management method – Chemical, biological and
mechanical.

Section – II Zoology (15 Questions)
Unit-A
Animal Kingdom – salient features and classification of non-chordates animals up to phyla
level and chordates up to class level. Taxonomy and classification of animals – Different
steps of classification, system of bio-scientific classification. Peculiar characteristic of
kingdom animalia. Body organization and animal tissue – Epithelial tissue, connective
tissue, blood lymph, supporting tissues, bone, cartilage, muscular tissues, nervous. External
and internal morphology and internal structure of animals – Amobea, earthworm,
cockroach in brief.
Unit-B
Invertebrates
(1) Animals and their economic importance with special reference to Agriculture;
(i) Protozoa – Amoeba, (ii) Helminthes – Soil Nematode and disease caused by nematode
(molya, ear cockle, tundu of wheat, root knot, (iii) Annelida – Earthworm, (iv) Mollusca –
Snail & slug, (v) Arthropoda (various classes) – (a) Arachnida – Mites (b) Crustacea –
Prawns, lobsters, (c) Diplopoda – Millipede (d) Chilopoda – Centipedes, (e) Insecta –
Cockroach
(2) Important insect-pests of crops and storage (general introduction, importance, host plants,
losses, life cycle and their control) – (i) Red hairy caterpillar, (ii) White grub, (iii) Termites,
(iv) Grass hopper, (v) Pod borers, (vi) Khapra beetle
Honey bee: Bee Keeping and its importance in agriculture.
(3) Methods of insect control (insect control: general introduction): (i) Physical and
mechanical control (ii) Cultural control, (iii) Chemical control (pesticides, insecticide
formulation, classification of insecticides, miticides, nematicides, rodenticides) and safe use
of chemicals, (iv) Biocontrol – predators and parasitoids, pheromone traps, Trichoderma,
NPV, botanical insecticides. (v) Integrated pest management (vi) Sprayers and dusters.
Unit-C
Vertebrates
(i) Nutrition in animals – Nutritive elements of food, energy yielding chemicals, minerals
and vitamins, balance diet. (ii) Respiration in animals – Gaseous exchange. (iii)
Circulation in animals – Blood– Composition, blood groups, Rh-factor, blood coagulation.
(iv) Reproductive system – Male and female reproductive system. (v) Reproduction &
development: (a) Asexual & sexual reproduction in animals (b) Gametogenesis,
spermatogenesis, structure of sperm, oogenesis and type of ovum, female reproductive cycle
(c) Fertilization- external and internal fertilization. (d) Mechanism of fertilization.

CHEMISTRY
Unit–A (10 Questions)
Basic concept of chemistry- Importance and scope of chemistry in daily life and agriculture.
Measurements in chemistry- Significant figures and international units of measurement. Laws
of chemical combination. Dalton’s atomic theory- initial concept of elements, atoms and
molecules. Avogadro hypothesis and its uses. Mole concept and Avogadro number. Initial
concept of atomic weight, equivalent weight and molecular weight. Percentage composition,
empirical formula and molecular formula. Stoichiometry of chemical reaction and
calculation, limiting reagent.
Structure of atom- Development of classical model of an atom- (i) Bohr’s model of atom:
Calculation of radius of Bohr’s orbit and energy of an electron, (ii) Dual nature of matter and
radiation- quantization of electronic energy levels, spectral evidence for quantization, (iii)
Sommerfield’s extension (no mathematical treatment), (iv) De-Broglie’s relationship, (v)
Uncertainty principle, (vi) Orbitals and quantum numbers- shapes of orbitals, spatial
distribution of atomic orbitals, (vii) Distribution of extra nuclear electrons, Aufbau principle,
Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, n+l Rule, variation in relative energies of orbitals
with increase in atomic number, electronic configuration of elements (S, P, D, F, block
elements). Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
Periodic table and periodicity in properties- (i) Electronic configuration and periodic
table- the log form of periodic table and S, P, D, F, block elements and advantages over
Mendeleev’s periodic table, (ii) Electronic configuration and periodicity in properties,
periodic perspectives, (iii) Detailed study of periodicity in physical and chemical properties
with special reference to- density, melting and boiling points of elements. Atomic and ionic
radii, ionization potential, electron affinity. Electro negativity, variation of effective nuclear
charge in a period, metallic character, diagonal relationship.
Chemical bonding and molecular structure- (i) Lewis structure – Octet rule and its
limitations, (ii) ionic bond – characteristics of ionic compounds, solubility of ionic
compounds, (iii) Covalent bond, introductory concept of over-lapping of orbitals and bonds,
valence bond theory – Characteristics of covalent compounds. Coordinate bond, partial
covalent character in ionic bond, partial ionic character in covalent bond. Fajan’s rule,
polarities of covalent molecules, (iv) Bond length, bond angle and bond-energy general
consideration, (v) Hybridization of orbitals illustrated with example of compounds of first
and second row elements in periodic table- shapes of common molecules- VSEPR Theory,
(vi) Hydrogen bond, (vii) Vander Waals forces of attraction.
Redox reaction- (i) Concept of formal charge on ions, (ii) Oxidation number, (iii) Oxidation
reduction electron transfer concept with examples, (iv) Redox reaction- examples, (v)
Balancing of equations by ion-electron method.
Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium- (i) Concept of reversibility equilibrium constant, (ii) Law of mass
action generalized expression, (iii) Experimental method for verification of law of mass
action. factors affecting equilibrium (concentration, pressure, temperature), (iv) Application
to systems such as N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3, PCl5 ↔ PCl3 + Cl2, N2 + O2 ↔ 2NO (v) Le
Chatelier’s principle-Application. Ionic equilibrium- (i) Electrolytes and non-electrolytes,
(ii) Arrhenius theory- Evidence in favour of dissociation theory, (iii) Ionic product of water,
(iv)Hydrolysis, degree of hydrolysis, hydrolysis constant, (v) Relation between hydrolysis
constant, ionic product of water and dissociation constant, (vi) Common ion effect, (vii)
Solubility product and its application to qualitative analysis.

Unit–B (10 Questions)
Chemical kinetics- (i) Rate of a reaction, (ii) Instantaneous rate of a reaction and order of
reaction (Zero and I order), (iii) Factors affecting the rate of reaction, concentration of
reactant molecule, effect of temperature on the reaction rate, concept of activation energy,
catalysis, (iv) Effect of light on rate of reaction, (v) How fast are chemical reactions?
Chemical thermodynamics
Thermodynamics and chemical energy science- Basic concepts of thermodynamics, types
process, first law of thermodynamics, complete heat, heat capacity, entropy heat of fusion,
heat of vaporization, heat of sublimation. Exothermic and endothermic reactions. Adsorption-
Definition, type (physical and chemical) and factors affecting adsorption. Acids and bases- (i) Hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in aqueous solution, (ii) Bronsted-Lowey
concept of acids and bases, (iii) Lewis concept (iv) Dissociation of acids, (v) pH value, (vi)
Buffer solutions, (vii) Theory of indicators of acid-alkali titrations, (viii) Choice of indicators
Colloidal state of matter- (i) Crystalloid and colloids, (ii) Classification of colloids
Emulsion, preparation of colloids, lyophilic and lyophobic colloids, (iii) Properties-
electrophoresis, dialysis, Tyndall phenomenon, Brownian movement, Coagulation-Hardy and
Schulze’s law, peptization, absorption, applications.
Metals- (i) Nature of metallic state- structural packing of atom in metals. Metallic bond-
valence bond concept, (ii) Occurrence of metals in nature, (iii) General principles of
metallurgy- activity series of metals, standard electrode potential, metallurgical processes,
(iv) Extraction of metals- copper, silver, aluminum and iron.
S-Block elements- (i) General characteristics, (ii) Trends in variation of properties in
periodic table of alkali and alkaline earth metals, (iii) General principles of extraction of the
elements, (iv) General chemistry of their compounds.
D-Block elements- (i) General characteristics, (ii) Elementary idea about para magnetism
and diamagnetism, (iii) Different oxidation states, (iv) Chemistry of transition elements as
illustrated by different oxidation states of the following metals- Silver, gold, chromium,
manganese and iron.
Unit– C (10 Questions)
Agricultural chemistry
Soil-Soil, minerals, rocks and its weathering, definition, functions of foil and characteristics
soil is a natural body; soil is a medium for plant growth, soil composition, soil profile, earth,
rocks and type of minerals, weathering of rocks and soil formation, factors of soil formation.
Soil organic matter and soil microorganism- Definition, source, composition,
decomposition, factors affecting the decomposition of organic matter, humus, definition,
properties and formation, effect of organic matter on soil properties and fertility, soil
microorganism, C:N ratio and nitrogen cycle, symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Soil colloids- Definition, types and importance, properties and classification, major lay
minerals present in soil, importance of lay in soil. Ion exchange- Importance, mechanism of
cation exchange, kinds of exchange enable cations, cation exchange capacity- Definition,
importance and factors effecting, percent base, saturation, cation and nutrition of plant. Soil
reaction- (PH, PH- scale, changes in PH, relationship of soil PH with availability of nutrient,
effect of soil PH soil microorganism, plant growth and disease, buffering capacity. Acidic
and saline soil- Definition, characteristics, reason for formation of acidic soil, effect of acidic
on plant and chemical amelioration, classification of salt affected soils, definition, reason for
formation of saline and sodic soil and formation, effect of soil sodicity and salinity on plants,
diagnosis of saline and sodic soil and its reclamation, properties of irrigation water and
treatment of saline water and management. Essential nutrients of plants- Classification,
sources of plant nutrients in soil, mechanism of absorption of nutrients by plant, factors
affecting the availability of nutrients, specific function of nutrients and deficiency symptoms.
Reaction of different fertilizers in soil & effects on crops- Definition of fertilizer and
classification properties, composition and effect on soil and crop of urea, calcium ammonium
nitrate (CAN), ammonium sulphate, diammonium phosphate (DAP), single super phosphate,
muriate of potash, potassium chloride and potassium sulphate. Agrochemicals and
environmental pollution- Definition, types, importance, definition of environment and
environmental pollution, types of environmental pollution its harmful effect and control
measures, effect of uncontrol application of agrochemicals on environmental pollution (soil,
water, air) and its control. Biochemistry- Preservatives- definition, types, uses and
characteristics.
Edible colour- Definition, types, characteristic and its effect on health, definition,
importance and major sources for availability of carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin and enzymes. Organic manures and bio fertilizers- Definition, classification of organic
manures, effect of organic manures on physical, chemical and biological properties,
formation method, importance and effect on soil for farm yard manure, vermicompost, Nadep
compost, green manure cakes and its importance in soil, bio fertilizer- Definition,
classification, importance and benefits, method of application, deference between organic
manure and fertilizer. Dairy chemistry- Milk and colostrum- Definition, chemical
composition, nutritive value, factors effecting composition. Nutritive value and chemical
composition of milk products (dahi, butter, ghee, cream, chhana) applied material for milk
adulteration and its test. Milk processing method, clean and preservative, milk production,
market milk and its types

Unit-D (10 Questions)
Organic Chemistry
Some basic principles and techniques- General introduction, methods of purification,
qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic
compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electrometric
effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent
bond- Free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of
organic reactions.
Valency of carbon and hybridization- (i) Tetra-valency of carbon atom, Kekule, Vant-Hoff
and Le-Bell theories, (ii) Orbital representation of covalent bond, multiple bonding (sigma
bond: Pi bond), (iii) Hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3 hybridization), (iv) Orbital structure of
acetylene, ethylene and methane, (v) Concept of bond length, bond strength and bond angle,
(vi) Electronegativity inductive effect, polarity of covalent bond, formal charge, polarity of
carbon, Halogen bond.
Saturated hydrocarbons (up to 5 carbon atoms)- (i) Nomenclature and isomerism, (ii)
General methods of preparation of alkanes, (iii) General properties and uses of alkanes, (iv)
Individual members propane, butane, pentane, (v) Inter conversions of alkanes.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons- (i) Nomenclature and isomerism, (ii) General methods of
preparation of alkenes and alkynes, (iii) General properties and uses of alkenes and alkynes
with reaction mechanism, (iv) Individual members, propene, butene, propyne and butyne.
Organic chemistry based on functional groups a- (i) Halides, nomenclature and
isomerism, general methods of preparation of mono alkyl halides- general properties of mono
alkyl halides with reaction mechanism. Preparations and properties of dihalogen derivatives,
synthetic uses of alkyl halides, (ii) Hydroxy compounds- nomenclature and isomerism,
classification of monohydric alcohols, general methods of preparation of monohydric
alcohols, general properties and uses of monohydric alcohols, hydrogen bonding in alcohol
and its effect on boiling point and solubility, test for alcoholic groups, Inter conversion of
methanol and ethanol.
Organic chemistry based on functional groups b- (i) Carbonyl groups- nomenclature and
isomerism of aldehydes and ketones, general preparations of aldehydes and ketones, general
properties and uses of aldehydes and ketones with reaction mechanism, polarity of carbon
oxygen double bond; test for aldehydes and ketones, (ii) Carboxylic group- Nomenclature
and isomerism. General preparations of monocarboxylic acids, general properties and uses of
carboxylic acid, hydrogen bonding in carboxylic acids, resonance.
Synthetic and natural polymers- (i) Classification of polymers, (ii) Some important natural
and synthetic polymers with their general methods of preparation.
Chemistry in action- (i) Dyes, (ii) Chemicals in medicines, (iii) Fertility contraceptives,
material schemo- sterilints.

MATHEMATICS
Unit-A: Sets and functions (5 Questions)
Sets-Sets and their representations. Different type of set. Empty set. Finite and Infinite sets.
Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations).
Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets.
Complement of a set. Properties of Complement. Operation of set. Primary operation of sets
represented by Venn diagrams. Relations & functions- Open sentence, ordered pairs.
Cartesian product of two sets. Relation as a set of ordered points, Invers relation, Identity
relation, Kinds of relation. Number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets.
Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself (up to R X R X R). Definition of relation,
pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Junctions, Function as a set of
ordered pairs, function as a special type of relation. Pictorial representation of a function,
domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of
these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential,
logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and
quotients of functions. Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence
relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary
operations.

Unit-B: Algebra (5 Questions)
Principle of mathematical induction-Process of the proof by induction, motivating the
application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real
numbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications. Complex
numbers and quadratic equations -Set of complex numbers, theorems on complex
numbers, basic operations of set of complex numbers, some properties of conjugate complex
numbers, N eed for complex numbers, especially √-1, to be motivated by inability to solve
some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and
polar Representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra,
solution of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) in the complex number system. Square
root of a complex number, cube root of unit, quadratic equation. Linear inequalities- Linear
inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation
on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical
method of finding a solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables. Permutations
and combinations -Fundamental principle of counting (multiplication & Addition). Factorial
n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, Permutations of those objects in which not all district,
Circular permutations, difference between clockwise and anticlockwise permutations.
Derivation of formulae for and their connections, simple applications. Binomial theorem
History, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices.
Sequence progression and series – Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression (A. P.),
Properties of A.P., Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a
G.P. and A.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.),
relation between A.M. and G.M. Sum of an infinite of G.P. Arithmetic Geometric series,
sum to n terms of series of natural numbers, their squares and cubes, sum of series by
difference method, Harmonic progression (H.P.) Hormonic mean (H.M.), relation between
A.M., G.M. and H.M. Logarithm-Logarithm, fundamental lows and systems of logarithm,
relation between Napierian & common logarithm, Characteristics and mantissa of the
logarithm, Introduction and method to find antilogarithm.
Matrices-Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix,
transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices:
Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition,
multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices
and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices
and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries)
Determinants-Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of
determinants, minors, co- factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a
triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of
solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in
two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

Unit-C: Coordinate Geometry (5 Questions)
Straight Lines- Shifting of origin. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various
forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point -slope form, slope- intercept form, two
point form, intercept form and normal form. General equation of a line. Straight line and
linear equation in re, y, reduction of general equation of straight line in to standard forms,
straight line passing through one point, two point. At last equation of line passing through a
given point and making a certain angle with the given line. Equation of family of lines
passing through the point of intersection of two lines angle between two lines. Distance of a
point from a line. Conic sections -Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a
point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section,
different forms of conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse
and hyperbola. Introduction to three-dimensional geometry- Coordinate axes and
coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points
and section formula.

Unit-D: Vectors and three-dimensional geometry (5 Questions)
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction
ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position
vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors,
multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a
given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot)
product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors. Three –
dimensional geometry- Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points.
Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance
between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii)
two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.

Unit-E: Calculus (5 Questions)
Limits and derivatives- Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance
function and geometrically. Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational
functions trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Theorems on limit, meaning
of x→a. Definition of derivative relate it to scope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum,
difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric
functions. Geometrical detail of derivative of functions.
Continuity and differentiability -Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite
functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit
functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and
exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in
parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems
(without proof) and their geometric interpretation. Applications of derivatives -Applications
of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normal,
use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated
geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that
illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
Integrals – Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Definite integrals as a limit of a
sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals
and evaluation of definite integrals. Applications of the integrals-Applications in finding the
area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only),
Area between any of the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).
Differential equations -Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a
differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given.

Unit-F: Mathematical reasoning (5 questions)
Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words/ phrases – consolidating the
understanding of “if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition”, “implies”, “and/or”,
“implied by”, “and”, “or”, “there exists” and their use through variety of examples related to
real life and Mathematics. Validating the statements involving the connecting words,
difference among contradiction, converse and contrapositive. Linear programming-
Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization,
different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P.
problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible
regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions
(up to three non-trivial constraints).

Unit-G: Statistics and probability (5 Questions)
Statistics -Measures of dispersion: range, mean deviation (Quartile deviation and mean
deviation-mean, median, mode) variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.
Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances. Probability –
Random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events- algebra of
events. Occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually
exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with other theories
addition and subtraction of probability of occurrence of at least one event. Probability of an
event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events. Conditional probability, multiplication
theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random
variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of random variable. Repeated
independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.

Unit-H: Trigonometric functions (5 Questions)
Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion
from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit
circle. Truth of the identity sin2x + cos 2x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions.
Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos
(x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple applications. Identities related to
sin2x, cos2x, tan2x, sing3x, trigonometric equations of the type siny = sina, cosy = cosa and
tany = tana. Inverse trigonometric functions – Definition, range, domain, principal value
branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse
trigonometric functions.

PHYSICS
Unit-A (10 Questions)
Physical world- Physics-scope and Expansion; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology
and society.
Units and measurements: Need for measurement, Units of measurement, systems of units;
SI units- fundamental, merits of S-I unit, Rules to write name and symbol for units in S.I.
system and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements, least count of Vernier
Calipers and screw gauge. accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in
measurement; systemic, random, gross error, combination of errors, significant figures.
Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications. Use of
dimensional equations and limitations of dimensional equation.
Kinematics- Motion in a straight line- Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line: Position
time graph, speed and velocity. Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for
describing motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous
velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity – time and position-time graphs. Relations
for uniformly accelerated motion. Motion in plane-Scalar and vector quantities; position and
displacement vectors, representation of vector, one dimensional, two dimensional and three
dimensional vectors in Cartesian coordinate system, combination of vectors. General vectors
and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition
and subtraction of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane,
rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors. Differential and integer
calculus and their trigonometry means, logarithm and its uses. Motion in a plane, cases of
uniform velocity and uniform acceleration- uniform circular motion. Dynamics – Frame
reference Concept of rest and motion, type of motion, distance and displacement, speed and
velocity (average and instantaneous), acceleration, (average and instantaneous), displacement
and time, velocity and time graph study, equation for motion for uniform accelerated motion,
relative motion. Two Dimensional and three-dimensional motion and its example,
displacement, velocity and acceleration of particle in two-dimensional motion and their
representation. Projectile motion, path of projectile motion, time of flight of a projectile,
maximum height and horizontal projectile. Example of three-dimensional motion.
Laws of motion- Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Inertia and Newton’s first law of motion;
momentum and Newton’s second law of motion, impulse and impulse-momentum theorem,
Newton’s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
System with variable mass, motion of a rocket, solution of problem in mechanics by
concurrent force and force diagram. Friction, type of friction and its law. Equilibrium of
concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Circular motion in horizontal and vertical plane.
Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a
banked road). Motion on inclined planes, inertial and non-inertial frames of references.
Work, energy and power- Work done by a constant force and a variable force; energy and
its type: kinetic and potential energy, work-energy theorem, power. Notion of potential
energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy
(kinetic and potential energies); conservative and non-conservative forces: motion in a
vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. power.
System of particles and rotational motion- Centre of mass of a two-particle system,
momentum conservation and center of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of
mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation
of angular momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation
and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions. Moment of
inertia, theorem of moment of inertia, moment of inertia of circular ring, circular disc, solid
cylinder, solid sphere, hollow sphere, Solid sphere, rod, force or torque, angular momentum,
relation between torque and angular momentum, relation between torque, moment of inertia
and angular acceleration. Radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple
geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems
and their applications. Angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular displacement relation
between linear and angular acceleration, rolling motion inclined plane, law of conservation of
angular momentum.

Unit-B (10 Questions)
Gravitation- Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Gravitational
field, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational

potential energy and gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite,
Geo-stationary satellites. Projection velocity, Gravitational field & its intensity, variation in
acceleration due to gravity with shape of earth & its rotation polar satellite, Weightlessness,
Orbital Energy. Orbital velocity of satellite, Revolution period, Achievement of India in
space.
Properties of bulk matter: Mechanical properties of solids: Elastic behavior, Stress-strain
relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity,
Poisson’s ratio; elastic energy. Determination of young’s modulus of elasticity by Searl’s
method. Mechanical properties of fluids- Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and
its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure,
Atmospheric pressure, Viscosity-Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, viscosity coefficient, velocity
gradient, Stocks Law, Terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity,
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Reynold’s number, equation of continuity, Different
energy of flowing liquid, Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of
pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and
capillary rise, Angle of contact, Cohesive and adhesive forced. Thermal properties of
matter- Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and
gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv – calorimetry; change of
state – latent heat capacity. Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal
conductivity, qualitative ideas of blackbody radiation: Absorption and emissive power,
Newton’s law of cooling, Wein’s displacement Law, Stefan’s law, Greenhouse effect.
Calculation of specific heat of liquid by the help of colorimeter.
Thermodynamics- Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of
thermodynamics), mechanical equivalent of heat, heat, work and internal energy. Different
thermodynamic Processes and work. First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic
processes. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes, Heat engine
and Refrigerator. Carnot Engine and its efficiency,
Behavior of perfect gases and kinetic theory of gases- Kinetic theory of gases –
assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas
molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and
application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro’s
number.
Mechanical Waves and ray optics: oscillations and waves- Periodic motion- time period,
frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion
(S.H.M) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force
constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of
expression for its time period. Displacement velocity and acceleration for SHM and their
graphical representation. Kinetic energy of SHO, graphical representation and energy
conservation, example of simple SHM, loaded spring, Simple pendulum, calculation of
values of gravitational by simple pendulum, combination of springs, Free, forced and damped
oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance. Wave motion- Transverse and longitudinal
waves, speed of wave motion, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of
superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, Wave
velocity, Relation between amplitude and intercity of waves, progressive wave equation,
Super position of waves, Velocity of transverse waves stretched string, formation of standing
waves, Standing waves in stretched string and mode of vibration and laws of vibration,
standing waves in air column and mode of vibration, resonance, sonometer, sound waves and
velocity of sound in various mediums, Dependency of velocity on sound on temperature,
Beats and its application, Doppler’s effect in sound waves. Ray optics- Reflection of light,
spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and its
applications, optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens
maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact,

refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light – blue color of sky and
reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Microscopes and
astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Unit-C (10 Questions)
Electrostatics- Electric Charges; types of charge and properties Conservation of charge,
Coulomb’s law-force between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges;
superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to
a point charge, electric field due to a system of charge, electric field lines and properties,
electric dipole and dipole movement, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in
uniform electric field. Gauss’s law and its applications- Electric flux, continuous charge
distribution, Gauss’s theorem and its derivatives, calculation of intensity of electric field by
Gauss’s Law i) due to infinitely long straight wire, ii) infinite uniformly charged non
conducting sheet iii) uniformly charged infinite conducting plate iv) uniformly charged non
conducting sphere v) uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Electrostatic potential and capacitance- Electric potential, potential difference, electric
potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces,
relationship between electric field and potential, calculation of electric potential due to I)
charged spherical shell ii) charge conducting sphere iii) charged non-conducting sphere,
potential energy system of charge, work rotation and potential energy of electric dipole in
electric field. Electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric
dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges
inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance of
conductor, capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor, combination of capacitors in series
and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with completely, partial and different
thickness and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.
Current electricity-Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift
velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law and its deduction,
electrical resistance ohmic and non ohmic resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non
linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Carbon resistors,
colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature
dependence of resistance. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf (Electro
motive force) of a cell, terminal voltage, combination of cells in series and in parallel.
Electric energy & Electric power, electric circuit, Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications.
Wheatstone bridge, Meter Bridge.
Potentiometer – principle, standardization and sensitivity and its applications to measure
potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance
of a cell. Determination of internal resistance of primary cells, calibration of voltammeter and
ammeter.
Electronics & Communication: classification of metals, conductors & semiconductors,
intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors, p-junction diode, forward & reverse bias, applications
of junction diode as rectifier, junction transistor (CE, CB, biasing & characteristics) logic
gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR). Elements of communication system and
demodulation (AM &FM).

Unit-D (10 Questions)
Magnetic effects of current: moving charges and magnetism- Concept of magnetic field,
Oersted’s experiment. Biot – Savart law, magnetic field due to a long and straight current
carrying conductor and circular coil, comparison of small current loop with dipole Helmhottz
coils, motion charge in a magnetic field force of speed in magnetic field. Force on speed
charge in magnetic field, force on current carrying conductor in magnetic field, magnetic
force between two parallel current carrying conducting wire and its application to current
carrying circular loop. Definition of standard ampere, force and torque on current carrying

rectangular loop in uniform magnetic field. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely
long straight wire. Straight and toroidal solenoids, Force on a moving charge in uniform
magnetic and electric fields. Definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in
uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to
ammeter and voltmeter. Magnetism and matter: Magnetism and properties of magnetic
substance natural and artificial magnet, properties of bar magnet, magnetic field line and
magnetic line force, neutral point, magnetic moment of bar magnet, intensity of magnetic
field, torque on bar magnetic in uniform magnet field, earth magnetism, elements of earth’s
magnetism, magnetism and Gauss law, behavior of substance in magnetic field, intensity of
magnetization, magnetizing field, Magnetic permeability, Relationship between different
magnetic quantities, classification of magnetic material, Magnetic Hysteresis curve B-H
curve, selection of magnetic substance for special use. Curie law and Curie temperature,
comparative studies of magnetic substance. current loop as a magnetic dipole and its
magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field
intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis.
Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines. Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances, with
examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents: Electromagnetic induction:
Magnetic flux, induction current & charge, Fleming’s Right-Hand rule, induced emf in a
conductor rod moving in uniform magnetic field, Induced emf and current in rectangular loop
moving in non-uniform magnetic field. Energy conservation, induced emf in metal rod, metal
disc, Rectangular coil rotating in uniform magnetic field. Faraday’s laws, induced emf and
current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction. Alternating current: Direct
current: Alternating current, Instantaneous peak, Average and root mean square value of
Alternating current & voltage, AC voltage in different type of ac circuits and phasor diagram.
(I) Pure ohmic resistance, (II)Pure inductor circuit, (III) Pure capacitance circuit, L-R circuit,
R-C circuit, LCR series circuit, series L-C-R Resonance circuit, Half power point
frequencies, Band width and quality factor of a series Resonance circuit. Average power in
AC circuit.
Electromagnetic waves- Basic idea of displacement current, electromagnetic waves, their
characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only). Electromagnetic spectrum
(radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including
elementary facts about their uses.
Dual nature of matter and radiation- Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect and
matter waves, Wavelength of matter waves associated with different type of partials. Hertz
and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Matter
waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Experimental result of photoelectric
effect and their interpretation, concept of Photon, Davisson-Germier experiment,
Heisenberg’s uncertainly principle. Atomic & Nuclear Physics: Ruther ford model of atoms,
Bohr model of atom, atomic spectra, line spectra of hydrogen atom, De-Broglie explanation
of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization. Atomic masses & composition of nucleus, size of
nucleolus, Mass energy and nuclear binding energy, radioactivity, half-life and mean life,
nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reaction.